Analysis Of Charles Dickens A Tale Of Two Cities

With revolution brewing in the air, various authors took writing as a way to express their opinions. One such author, Charles Dickens wrote A Tale of Two Cities as his way of expressing his interest and concerns. Charles Dickens, the second of eight children, was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth, England. His father, John Dickens worked as a naval clerk, and dreamed of striking it rich. However, in 1823, his father found himself forced into Marshalsea Debtor’s Prison, where the rest of his family soon followed him. At the age of fifteen, he began work at an attorney’s law office in London. Soon thereafter, Dickens began to freelance report on both the courts, and also Parliament. By the age of twenty-five, his writing for The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, made him one of England’s most popular and captivating authors. During this time of fame, Europe political world struggled, and the idea of revolution flew in the air. Knowing the influence his writing had, Dickens began to write about the cost of revolution. In fact, in 1859, Dickens published A Tale of Two Cities as a way of warning the English that legislative reform should always take precedence over bloody revolution (Discovering Dickens). Continuing his captivating style, Dickens wrote A Tale of Two Cities as historical fiction, centering on the events in Paris and London, before and during the French Revolution. Dickens mainly focuses the story on Charles Darnay, a self-exiled nephew of FrenchShow MoreRelatedEssay about Analysis of A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens991 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† by Charles Dickens is an artfully crafted tale that unabashedly tells the story of the injustice, the horror and the madness of the French Revolution. More than this, it is a story of one man’s redemption, one man who Dickens vividly portrays as being â€Å"a nobody†. This nobody had thrown away his life. â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† is the tale of Sydney Carton and his full circle redemption. The first impression we get of Sydney Carton is not a pleasant one. â€Å"[Sydney Carton]Read MoreHumanism1439 Words   |  6 Pageshumanity, A Tale of Two Cities by Dickens demonstrates his humanistic thinking perfectly. Main figures’ experiences and analysis of their characters is an important aspect to understand the theme this novel reveals. Key words: Dickens A Tale of Two Cities Humanism Humanity Humanism is an important subject in Charles Dickens’ works. Among his many famous works, A Tale of Two Cities is the most outstanding one which vividly expresses the author’s humanistic thinking. A Tale of Two Cities, basedRead MoreCharles Dickens : A Social Critic And English Writer Essay2210 Words   |  9 PagesCharles Dickens (1812-1870) was a social critic and English writer. Dickens generated some of globe’s most renowned fictional characters. He is viewed as the most remarkable writer of the Victorian period. Dickens’ works, during his life, enjoyed exceptional popularity. By 20th century, scholars and critics called him a literary genius. Dickens’ short stories and novels continue to be popular. Dickens was born in Portsmouth in England. He was forced to drop out of school following his father’s imprisonmentRead MoreSydney Carton : The Sacrifice Of His Past And Present Self3040 Words   |  13 PagesSydney Carton In Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens uses Sydney Carton to show that sacrifice is necessary to achieve happiness and this is shown through both the sacrifice of his past and present self throughout the novel. One of the two ways Sydney Carton sacrifices himself is by transforming himself into a man of worth and thereby sacrificing his former self and his worthless past. At the beginning of the book, Sydney constantly reminds those around him he cares for nothing along with the thoughtRead MoreChilds Story2238 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis of Fictional Techniques Paper Team C’s Paper is an Analysis of Fictional Techniques on The Child’s Story by Charles Dickens, The Gift of the Magi, by O. Henry, and The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe. The team focused the following three techniques: 1) Nature of Narration; 2) Nature and level of description included in the story; and 3) Use of Setting. Several questions have been answered concerning the different effects produced by each of the authors’ use of these techniques. ContentRead MoreCritical Analysis on a Tale of Two Cities2729 Words   |  11 PagesCredit English 1/3/12 Mr. Burns A Literary Analysis of A Tale of Two Cities I. Introduction Charles Dickens’ twelfth novel, A Tale of Two Cities, was written to show all of the good and evil that was present during the French Revolution. He uses the two main cities, London and Paris, to represent this, and then ties in a love story with many different symbols of good and evil such as Darnay and Carton, Madame Defarge and Miss Pross. In his novel, Dickens also shows both sides of the revolution withRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities By Charles Dickens1591 Words   |  7 PagesA Tale of Two Cities, the 1859 classic written by Charles Dickens, tells the story of two men who look similar, but have different characters, begins with the famous verbiage, â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we hadRead MoreFighting Society: Charles Dickens 1937 Words   |  8 Pagesimportantly, the ability to make better technology. Though at the time these advances seemed to improve many aspects of daily life, Charles Dickens only saw the negative effects that this new way of life imposed upon unsuspecting families. As a victim of the Industrial Revolution, which left many of the working class, including his own family, in a horrible state of living, Dickens grew up in a wretched environment brought on by an advancing society. His early life led to his ambitions of escaping the povertyRead MoreUnderstanding the Plot of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens2205 Words à ‚  |  9 Pagesimportantly, we are first introduced to the main conflict of the story. Rising action is when the story begins to develop the conflicts, which in turn usually leads to the building of suspense or interest. The exposition and rising action are the two elements that build up the beginning of the story. The middle of the story is entirely devoted to climax. Climax is the turning point of the story, where the main characters usually come to face with a conflict which makes them in some way â€Å"change†Read MoreThe Castelia City Times Analysis1189 Words   |  5 PagesHello everyone, Today marks the beginning of a new series of articles I wish to work on, the Castelia City Times. Name is still pending but as of now, thats what Im sticking with. In essence, thisll be a (hopefully) weekly article dedicated to non-Pokemon stuff, be it movies, other games, music, or anything else I feel like sharing with the rest of the League. I was originally planning on starting this series strong with Spider-Man Homecoming and Transformers: The Last Knight reviews, but my laptop

The Effects of Social Isolation in the Invisible Man by...

Social Isolation, a state or process in which persons, groups, or cultures lose or do not have communication or cooperation with one another, often resulting in open conflict. In H.G Wells’ 1897 novel The Invisible Man, the main character, Griffin, is socially isolated due to a condition that has forced him to stay out of the scrutinizing eye of society .As the novel progresses, the effects of social isolation begin to take form in Griffin’s actions and become more pertinent with each event that occurs. These actions show the effects of social isolation throughout the course of the novel. The beginning of Griffin’s social isolation begins early in his life. Griffin is albino, meaning that he has little to no pigmentation in his skin, eyes, and hair. This condition makes it exceptionally challenging for Griffin to be a cohesive member of society, so in order to avoid the eminent rejection that he believes awaits him if he tries to join society, he chooses to become an introvert. â€Å"The expression a â€Å"fish out of water† reminds us that every animal is adapted to a habitat† (Pinker 374). Griffin does not have a habitat to adapt to because he lives outside of society and has no one to help him adapt. At this point Griffin is able to be diagnosed with a form of social loneliness due to his feelings of being an outcast (Gelinas 4). After Griffin is isolated from society for a short period of time, his anger starts to progress into something that even he cannot control. As the novelShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pag esscholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectivesRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 Learning objectives Introduction: the changing business environment (or the new marketing reality) Analysing the environment The nature of the marketing environment The evolution of environmental analysis The political, economic, social and technological environments Coming to terms with the industry and market breakpoints Coming to terms with the very different future: the implications for mar keting planning Approaches to environmental analysis and scanning Summary 5 Approaches

The Return Midnight Chapter 22 Free Essays

string(142) " who tried to talk to him in a cramped little room with a video camera in one corner of the wal , perfectly obvious even though it was smal \." â€Å"Ma ma said not in Fel ‘s Church,†Mrs. Flowers repeated to Stefan. â€Å"And that means not the thicket. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Midnight Chapter 22 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"All right,†Stefan said. â€Å"If he’s not there, then where else?† â€Å"Well,†Elena said slowly, â€Å"it’s the police, isn’t it? They’ve caught him.†Her heart felt as if it were in her stomach. Mrs. Flowers sighed. â€Å"I suppose so. Ma ma should have told me that, but the atmosphere is ful of strange influences.† â€Å"But the sheriff’s department is in Fel ‘s Church. What there is of it,†Elena objected. â€Å"Then,†Mrs. Flowers said, â€Å"what about the police in another city close by? The ones who came looking for him before – â€Å" â€Å"Ridgemont,†Elena said heavily. â€Å"That’s where those police that searched the boardinghouse were from. That’s where that Mossberg guy came from, Meredith said.†She looked at Meredith, who didn’t even murmur. â€Å"That’s where Caroline’s dad has al his big-shot friends – and Tyler Smal wood’s dad does too. They belong to al those no-women clubs with does too. They belong to al those no-women clubs with secret handshakes and stuff.† â€Å"And do we have anything like a plan for when we get there?†Stefan asked. â€Å"I have a sort of Plan A,†Elena admitted. â€Å"But I don’t know that it wil work – you may know better than I do.† â€Å"Tell me.† Elena told him. Stefan listened and had to stifle a laugh. â€Å"I think,†he said soberly afterward, â€Å"that it just might work.† Elena immediately began to think about Plans B and C so that they wouldn’t be stuck if Plan A should fail. They had to drive through Fel ‘s Church to get to Ridgemont. Elena saw the burnt-out houses and the blackened trees through tears. This was her town, the town which, as a spirit, she had watched over and protected. How could it have come to this? And, worse, how could it ever possibly be put back together again? Elena began to shiver uncontrol ably. Matt sat grimly in the jury conference room. He had explored it long ago, and had found that the windows were boarded over from the outside. He wasn’t surprised, as al the windows he knew back in Fel ‘s Church were boarded up, and besides, he had tried these boards and knew that he could break out if he cared to. He didn’t care to. It was time to face his personal crisis. He would have faced it back before Damon had taken the three girls to the Dark Dimension, but Meredith had talked him out of it. Matt knew that Mr. Forbes, Caroline’s father, had al his cronies in the police and legal system here. And so did Mr. Smal wood, the father of the real culprit. They were unlikely to give him a fair trial. But in any kind of trial, at some point they would at least have to listen to him. And what they would hear was the plain truth. They might not believe it now. But later, when Caroline’s twins had as little control as werewolf babies were reputed to have over their shapes – Well, then they’d think of Matt, and what he’d said. He was doing the right thing, he assured himself. Even if, right now, his insides felt as if they were made of lead. What’s the worst they can do to me? he wondered, and was unhappy to hear the echo of Meredith’s voice come back. â€Å"They can put you in jail, Matt. Real jail; you’re over eighteen. And while that may be good news for some genuine, vicious, tough old felons with homemade tattoos and biceps like tree branches, it is not going to be good news for you.† And then after a session on the Internet, â€Å"Matt, in Virginia, it can be for life. And the minimum is five years. Matt, please; I beg you, don’t let them do this to you! Sometimes it’s true that discretion is the better part of valor. They hold all the cards and we’re walking blindfolded in the dark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She had gotten surprisingly worked up about it, mixing her metaphors and al , Matt thought dejectedly. But it’s not exactly as if I volunteered for this. And I bet they know those boards are pretty flimsy and if I break out, I’l be chased from here to who-knows-where. And if I stay put at least I’l get to tel the truth. For a very long time nothing happened. Matt could tel from the sun through the cracks in the boards that it was afternoon. A man came in and offered a visit to the bathroom and a Coke. Matt accepted both, but also demanded an attorney and his phone cal . â€Å"You’l have an attorney,†the man grumbled at him as Matt came out of the bathroom. â€Å"One’l be appointed for you.† â€Å"I don’t want that. I want a real attorney. One that I pick.† The man looked disgusted. â€Å"Kid like you can’t have any money. You’l take the attorney appointed to you.† â€Å"My mom has money. She’d want me to have the attorney we hire, not some kid out of law school.† â€Å"Aw,†the man said, â€Å"how sweet. You want Mommy to take care of you. And her al the way out in Clydesdale by now, I bet, with the black lady doctor.† Matt froze. Shut back in the jury room he tried frantical y to think. How did they know where his mom and Dr. Alpert had gone? He tried the sound of â€Å"black lady doctor† on his tongue and found it tasted bad, sort of old-time-ish and just plain bad. If the doctor had been Caucasian and male, it would’ve sounded sil y to say â€Å"†¦gone with the white man doctor.† Sort of like an old Tarzan film. A great anger was rising in Matt. And along with it a great fear. Words slithered around his mind: surveillance and spying and conspiracy and cover-up. And outwitted. He guessed it was after five o’clock, after everybody who normal y worked at court had left, that they took him to the interrogation room. They were just playing, he figured, the two officers who tried to talk to him in a cramped little room with a video camera in one corner of the wal , perfectly obvious even though it was smal . You read "The Return: Midnight Chapter 22" in category "Essay examples" They took turns, one yel ing at him that he might as well confess everything, the other acting sympathetic and saying things like, â€Å"Things just got out of hand, right? We have a picture of the hickey she gave you. She was hot stuff, right?†Wink, wink. â€Å"I understand. But then she started to give you mixed signals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Matt reached his snapping point. â€Å"No, we were not on a date, no, she did not give me a hickey, and when I tel Mr. Forbes you cal ed Caroline hot stuff, winkey winkey, he’s gonna get you fired, mister. And I’ve heard of mixed signals, but I’ve never seen them. I can hear ‘no’as well as you can, and I figure one ‘no’means ‘no’!† After that they beat him up a little bit. Matt was surprised, but considering the way he had just threatened and sassed them, not too surprised. And then they seemed to give up on him, leaving him alone in the interrogation room, which, unlike the jury room, had no windows. Matt said over and over, for the benefit of the video camera, â€Å"I’m innocent and I’m being denied my phone cal and my attorney. I’m innocent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At last they came and got him. He was hustled between the good and bad cops into a completely empty courtroom. No, not empty, he realized. In the first row were a few reporters, one or two with sketchbooks ready. When Matt saw that, just like a real trial, and imagined the pictures they’d sketch – just like he’d seen on TV, the lead in his stomach turned into a fluttering feeling of panic. But this was what he wanted, wasn’t it, to get the story out? He was led to an empty table. There was another table, with several well-dressed men, al with piles of papers in front of them. But the thing that held Matt’s attention at that table was Caroline. He didn’t recognize her at first. She was wearing a dove gray cotton dress. Gray! With no jewelry on at all, and subtle makeup. The only color was in her hair – a brazen auburn. It looked like her old hair, not the brindled color it had been when she was starting to become a werewolf. Had she learned to control her form at last? That was bad news. Very bad. And final y, with an air of walking on eggshel s, in came the jury. They had to know how irregular this was, but they kept coming in, just twelve of them, just enough to fil the jury seats. Matt suddenly realized that there was a judge sitting at the desk high above him. Had he been there al along? No†¦ â€Å"Al rise for Justice Thomas Hol oway,†boomed a bailiff. Matt stood and wondered if the trial was real y going to start without his lawyer. But before everyone could sit, there was a crash of opening doors, and a tal bundle of papers on legs hurried into the courtroom, became a woman in her early twenties, and dumped the papers on the table beside him. â€Å"Gwen Sawicki here – present,†the young woman gasped. Judge Hol oway’s neck shot out like a tortoise’s, to bring her into his realm of sight. â€Å"You have been appointed on behalf of the defense?† â€Å"If it pleases Your Honor, yes, Your Honor – al of thirty minutes ago. I had no idea we had gone to night sessions, Your Honor.† â€Å"Don’t you be pert with me!†Judge Hol oway snapped. As he went on to al ow the prosecution attorneys to introduce themselves, Matt pondered on the word â€Å"pert.†It was another of those words, he thought, that was never used toward males. A pert man was a joke. While a pert girl or woman sounded just fine. But why? â€Å"Cal me Gwen,†a voice whispered beside him, and Matt looked to see a girl with brown eyes and brown hair back in a ponytail. She wasn’t exactly pretty, but she looked honest and straightforward, which made her the prettiest thing in the room. â€Å"I’m Matt – Well, obviously,†Matt said. â€Å"Is this your girl, Carolyn?†Gwen was whispering, showing a picture of the old Caroline at some dance, wearing stilts, and with tanned legs that went up and up to almost meet before a miniskirt took over, black and lacy. She had on a white blouse so tight at the bust that it hardly seemed able to contain her natural assets. Her makeup was exactly the opposite of subtle. â€Å"Her name’s Caroline and she’s never been my girl, but that’s her – the real her,†Matt whispered. â€Å"Before Klaus came and did something to her boyfriend, Tyler Smal wood. But I have to tel you what happened when she found out she was pregnant – â€Å" She’d gone nuts, was what had happened. No one knew where Tyler was – dead after the final fight against Klaus, turned into a ful wolf in hiding; whatever. So Caroline had tried to pin it on Matt – until Shinichi appeared and became her boyfriend. But Shinichi and Misao were playing a cruel joke on her, pretending that Shinichi would marry her. It was after she realized that Shinichi didn’t care at allthat Caroline had gone total y bal istic, and had real y tried to make Matt fit the gaping hole in her life. Matt did his best to explain this to Gwen so she could explain it to the jury, until the judge’s voice interrupted him. â€Å"We wil dispense with opening arguments,†said Judge Hol oway, â€Å"since the hour is so late. Wil the prosecution cal its first witness?† â€Å"Wait! Objection!†Matt shouted, ignoring Gwen’s tugging at his arm and her hissing: â€Å"You can’t object to the judge’s rulings!† â€Å"And the judge can’t do this to me,†Matt said, twitching his T-shirt back from between her fingers. â€Å"I haven’t even had a chance to meet with my public defender yet!† â€Å"Maybe you should have accepted a public defender earlier,†replied the judge, sipping from a glass of water. He suddenly thrust his head at Matt and snapped, â€Å"Eh?† â€Å"That’s ridiculous,†cried Matt. â€Å"You wouldn’t give me my phone cal to get a lawyer!† â€Å"Did he ever ask for a phone cal ?†Judge Hol oway snapped, his eyes traveling around the room. The two officers who had beat Matt up solemnly shook their heads. At this, the bailiff, whom Matt suddenly recognized as the guy who’d kept him in the jury room for around four hours, began wagging his head back and forth in the negative. They al three wagged, almost in unison. â€Å"Then you forfeited that right by not asking for it,†the judge snapped. It seemed to be his only way of speaking. â€Å"You can’t demand it in the middle of a trial. Now, as I was saying – â€Å" â€Å"I object!† Matt shouted even louder. â€Å"They’re al lying! Look at your own tapes of them interrogating me. Al I kept saying – â€Å" â€Å"Counselor,†the judge snarled at Gwen, â€Å"control your client or you wil be held in contempt of court!† â€Å"You have to shut up,†Gwen hissed at Matt. â€Å"You can’t make me shut up! You can’t have this trial while you’re breaking al the rules!† â€Å"Shut your trap!† The judge belted out the words at a surprising volume. He then added, â€Å"The next person to make a remark without my express permission shal be held in contempt of court to the tune of a night in jail and five hundred dol ars.† He paused to look around to see if this had sunk in. â€Å"Now,†he said. â€Å"Prosecution, cal your first witness.† â€Å"We cal Caroline Beulah Forbes to the stand.† Caroline’s figure had changed. Her stomach was sort of upside-down-avocado-shaped now. Matt heard murmurs. â€Å"Caroline Beula Forbes, do you swear that the testimony you shal give wil be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?† Somewhere deep inside, Matt was shaking. He didn’t know if it was mostly anger or mostly fear or an equal combination of both. But he felt like a geyser ready to blow – not necessarily because he wanted to, but because forces beyond his control were taking hold of him. Gentle Matt, Quiet Matt, Obedient Matt – he had left al those behind somewhere. Raging Matt, Rampaging Matt, that was about al he could be. From a dim outside world, voices came filtering into his reverie. And one voice pricked and stung like a nettle. â€Å"Do you recognize the boy you have named as your former boyfriend Matthew Jeffrey Honeycutt here in this room?† â€Å"Yes,†the prickly nettle voice said softly. â€Å"He’s sitting at the defense table, in the gray T-shirt.† Matt’s head flew up. He looked Caroline straight in the eye. â€Å"You know that’s a lie,†he said. â€Å"We never went on one date together. Ever.† The judge, who had seemed to be asleep, now woke up. â€Å"Bailiff!†he snapped. â€Å"Restrain the defendant immediately.† Matt tensed. As Gwen Sawicki moaned, Matt suddenly found himself being held while duct tape was wrapped round and round his mouth. He fought. He tried to get up. So they duct-taped him around his waist to the chair. As they final y left him alone, the judge said, â€Å"If he runs off with that chair, you wil pay it out of your own salary, Miz Sawicki.† Matt could feel Gwen Sawicki trembling beside him. Not with fear. He could recognize the about-to-explode expression and realized that she was going to be next. And then the judge would hold her in contempt and who would speak up for him? He met her eyes and shook his head firmly at her. But he also shook his head at every lie Caroline came up with. â€Å"We had to keep it a secret, our relationship,†Caroline was saying demurely, straightening the gray dress. â€Å"Because Tyler Smal wood, my previous boyfriend, might have found out. Then he would have – I mean, I didn’t want any trouble between them.† Yeah, Matt thought bitterly: you’d better walk careful y – because Tyler’s dad probably has as many good friends in here as yours does. More. Matt tuned out until he heard the prosecutor say, â€Å"And did anything unusual happen on the night in question?† â€Å"Well, we went out together in his car. We went over near the boardinghouse†¦no one would see us there†¦Yes, I – I’m afraid I did give him a†¦a love-bite. But after that I wanted to leave, but he didn’t stop. I had to try to fight him off. I scratched him with my nails – â€Å" â€Å"The prosecution offers Peoples’Exhibit 2 – a picture of the deep fingernail scores on the defendant’s arm – â€Å" Gwen’s eyes, meeting Matt’s, looked dul . Beaten. She showed Matt a picture of what he remembered: the deep marks made by the huge malach’s teeth when he had pul ed his arm out of its mouth. â€Å"The defense wil stipulate†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"So admitted.† â€Å"But no matter how I screamed and fought†¦Well, he was too strong, and I – I couldn’t – â€Å"Caroline tossed her head in agony of remembered shame. Tears flooded from her eyes. â€Å"Your Honor, perhaps the defendant needs a break to freshen her makeup,†Gwen suggested bitterly. â€Å"Young lady, you are getting on my nerves. The prosecution can care for its own clients – I mean witnesses – â€Å" â€Å"Your witness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – from the prosecution. Matt had scribbled as much of the real story as he could onto a blank sheet of paper while Caroline’s theatrics had gone on. Gwen was now reading this. â€Å"So,†she said, â€Å"your ex, Tyler Smal wood, is not and has never been a† – she swal owed – â€Å"a werewolf.† Through her tears of shame Caroline laughed lightly. â€Å"Of course not. Werewolves aren’t real.† â€Å"Like vampires.† â€Å"Vampires aren’t real either, if that’s what you mean. How could they be?†Caroline was looking into every shadow of the room as she said this. Gwen was doing a good job, Matt realized. Caroline’s demure patina was beginning to chip. â€Å"And people never come back from the dead – in these modern times, I mean,†Gwen said. â€Å"Well, as to that† – malice had crept into Caroline’s voice – â€Å"if you just go to the boardinghouse in Fel ‘s Church, you can see that there’s a girl cal ed Elena Gilbert, who was supposed to have drowned last year. On Founder’s Day, after the parade. She was Miss Fel ‘s Church, of course.† There was a murmur among the reporters. Supernatural stuff sold better than anything else, especial y if a pretty girl was involved. Matt could see a smirk making the rounds. â€Å"Order! Miz Sawicki, you wil keep to the facts in this case!† â€Å"Yes, Your Honor.†Gwen looked thwarted. â€Å"Okay, Caroline, let’s go back to the day of the al eged assault. After the events you have narrated, did you cal the police at once?† â€Å"I was†¦too ashamed. But then I realized I might be pregnant or have some horrid disease, and I knew I had to tel .† â€Å"But that horrid disease wasn’t lycanthropy – being a werewolf, right? Because that couldn’t be true.† Gwen looked anxiously down at Matt and Matt looked bleakly up at her. He’d hoped that if Caroline were forced to keep talking about werewolves she would eventual y start to twitch. But she seemed to have complete control over herself now. The judge seemed furious. â€Å"Young lady, I won’t have my court made a joke with any more supernatural nonsense!† Matt stared at the ceiling. He was going to jail. For a long time. For something he hadn’t done. For something he would never do. And besides, now, there might be reporters going over to the boardinghouse to bother Elena and Stefan. Damn! Caroline had managed to get that in despite the blood oath she’d made never to give their secret away. Damon had signed that oath as well. For a moment Matt wished that Damon were back and right here, to take revenge on her. Matt didn’t care how many times he got cal ed â€Å"Mutt†if Damon would just appear. But Damon didn’t. Matt realized that the duct tape around his middle was low enough that he could slam his head against the defense table. He did this, making a smal boom. â€Å"If your client wishes to be completely immobilized, Miz Sawicki, it can be – â€Å" But then they al heard it. Like an echo, but delayed. And much louder than the sound of a head striking a table. BOOM! And again. BOOM! And then the distant, disturbing sound of doors slamming open as if they had been hit by a battering ram. At this point the people in the courtroom Stillcould have scattered. But where was there to go? BOOM! Another, closer door slamming open. â€Å"Order! Order in the courtroom!† Footsteps sounded down the wooden floor of the corridor. â€Å"Order! Order!† But no one, not even a judge, could stop this many people from muttering. And late in the evening, in a locked courthouse, after al that talk of vampires and werewolves†¦ Footsteps coming closer. A door, quite near, crashing and creaking. A ripple of†¦something†¦went through the courtroom. Caroline gasped, clutching at her bulging stomach. â€Å"Bar those doors! Bailiff! Lock them!† â€Å"Bar them how, Your Honor? And they only lock from the outside!† Whatever it was, it was very close – The doors to the courtroom opened, creaking. Matt put a calming hand on Gwen’s wrist, twisting his neck to see behind him. Standing in the doorway was Saber, looking, as always, as big as a smal pony. Mrs. Flowers walked beside him; Stefan and Elena drew up the rear. Heavy clicking footsteps as Saber, alone, went up to Caroline, who was gasping and quivering. Utter silence as everyone took in the sight of the giant beast, his coat ebony black, his eyes dark and moist as he took a leisurely look around the courtroom. Then, deep in his chest, Saber went hmmf. Around Matt people were gasping and writhing, as if they itched al over. He stared and saw Gwen staring along with him as the gasping became a panting. Final y Saber tilted his nose to the ceiling and howled. What happened after that wasn’t pretty from Matt’s point of view. Not seeing Caroline’s nose and mouth jut out to make a muzzle. Not seeing her eyes recede into smal , deep, fur-lined holes. And her hands, fingers shrinking into helplessly waving paws, widespread, with black claws. That wasn’t pretty. But the animal at the end was beautiful. Matt didn’t know if she’d absorbed her gray dress or shucked it off or what. He did know that a handsome gray wolf leaped from the defendant’s chair to lick up at Saber’s chops, rol ing al the way on the floor to frolic around the huge animal, who was so obviously the alpha wolf. Saber made another deep hmmf sound. The wolf that had been Caroline rubbed her snout lovingly against his neck. And it was happening in other places in the room. Both of the prosecutors, three of the jurors†¦the judge himself†¦ They were al changing, not to attack, but to forge their social bonds with this huge wolf, an alpha if ever there was one. â€Å"We talked to him al the way,†Elena explained in between cursing the duct tape in Matt’s hair. â€Å"About not being aggressive and snapping off heads – Damon told me he did that once.† â€Å"We didn’t want a bunch of murders,†Stefan agreed. â€Å"And we knew no animal would be as big as he was. So we concentrated on bringing out al the wolf in him we could – wait, Elena – I’ve got the tape on this side. Sorry about this, Matt.† A sting as tape ripped free – and Matt put a hand to his mouth. Mrs. Flowers was snipping the duct tape that held him to the chair. Suddenly he was entirely free and he felt like shouting. He hugged Stefan, Elena, and Mrs. Flowers, saying, â€Å"Thank you!† Gwen, unfortunately, was being sick in a trash can. Actual y, Matt thought, she was lucky in having secured one. A juror was being sick over the railing. â€Å"This is Ms. Sawicki,†Matt said proudly. â€Å"She came in after the trial had begun, and did a real y good job for me.† â€Å"He said ‘Elena,'†Gwen whispered when she could speak. She was staring at a smal wolf, with patches of thinning hair, that came limping down from the judge’s chair to cavort around Saber, who was accepting al such gestures with dignity. â€Å"I’m Elena,†said Elena, in between giving Matt mighty hugs. â€Å"The one who’s†¦supposed to be dead?† Elena took a moment out to hug Gwen. â€Å"Do I feel dead?† â€Å"I – I don’t know. No. But – â€Å" â€Å"But I have a pretty little headstone in the Fel ‘s Church cemetery,†Elena assured her – then suddenly, with a change in countenance, â€Å"Did Caroline tel you that?† â€Å"She told the whole room that. Especial y the reporters.† Stefan looked at Matt and smiled wryly. â€Å"You may just live to have your revenge on Caroline.† â€Å"I don’t want revenge anymore. I just want to go home. I mean – â€Å"He looked at Mrs. Flowers in consternation. â€Å"If you can think of my house as ‘home’while your dear mother is away, I am very happy,†said Mrs. Flowers. â€Å"Thank you,†Matt said quietly. â€Å"I real y mean that. But Stefan†¦what are the reporters going to write?† â€Å"If they’re smart, they won’t write anything at all.† How to cite The Return: Midnight Chapter 22, Essay examples

American Express Matrix Analysis free essay sample

An organization should conduct a SWOT analysis strategy with an aim of ensuring that it meets all its set goals. More so they will be at a position of identifying their competitors with whom they operate same businesses so as to ensure they remain competitive in the market. When evaluating the strength of an organization, organizations such as American Express should ensure that all the strengths of that organization are listed and more so it should ensure that all the profitable projects are well funded so as to ensure the set goals are achieved which will ensure profitability of the organization (Sharp, 2007). The organization should ensure all the strengths are well managed to ensure that other organizations do not get information on the management of the organization in a, way that they may get to manufacture same products that may confuse their customers for the original product. On the other hand, American Express should identify its weaknesses to ensure they solve their weaknesses in time before competitors realize it. We will write a custom essay sample on American Express Matrix Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This will ensure that the competitors do not get to take advantage of the weaknesses of the company to take their customers. The information of the organization should remain private and confidential to only the management of the organization to ensure there is no disclosure of information to other competitors. The management should also ensure the weaknesses are identified in time before the organization starts making losses in its sales. Organizations such as American Express should also ensure they identify all the opportunities that that they may venture in, to ensure expansion of the business. For instance, it may seek to establish new business in different part of the world where they may reach a large market share which will to increased profitability of the business. The organization may also, chose to enlarge the mother company other than establishing subsidiary braches in different countries. This will also ensure there are improved products as well as services offered to the customers which will make the organization attract a large market share. For progress in the business, organizations should also ensure that all the threats are identified to ensure the management is at a position of identifying other business organizations that are a threat and may remain to be competitive in the market. Through identification of the organizations that are a threat, an organization will be at a position of ensuring they improve their products and services so as to compete with them. 2. Advantages of SWOT Matrix SWOT Matrix is an important tool in every organization since it is used to evaluate all factors that ensure productivity of the organization towards the attainment of the set goals. It has an advantage of ensuring that there is increase in the profitability of the business as a result of identifying the opportunities that the organization may venture in. another advantage of the SWOT matrix is that the management team will be at a position of building opportunities as well as focusing on the strengths of the organization. Third advantage is that the organization will be at a position of forecasting future threats to the organization and be at a position of taking caution in all that they do. Lastly it is a flexible activity whereby employees may be allowed to make contributions towards the achievement of the set goals. Disadvantages of SWOT Matrix There are also some disadvantages associated with SWOT Matrix. For instance, it needs to be conducted regularly for it to be effective. Second advantage is that the process may lack structured information to have all the activities handled effectively. 3. Recommendations for the firm to follow for the next three years For the American Express to remain competitive in the market and attract a large market share, it should ensure that all its travel activities are well managed so as to ensure there are no dissatisfaction of the customers. There are many recommendations that it has to consider for the next three years. For instance, it has to reduce its cost to the customers. This will facilitate in ensuring satisfaction of customers as a result of affordable prices. Second it should establish other travel branches in different parts of the world the organization may use $3000 for the expansion. This will facilitate in attraction of a large market share which will result to increased profit. The organization should also ensure that it advertise all its services through various media services that will meet many customers with an aim of convincing them to prefer their services as compared to those if other organizations. 4. Comparison of the my recommendation with those of the organization American Express has plans to establish some more companies in other parts of the world which compares with the recommendations offered for the next three years, since it is recommended that the organization should establish other branches in different areas with an aim of attracting a large market share. The recommendation of advertising also compare with that of American Express since they have a plan to identify online services to attract many customers. American Express also considers partnership with other organizations which will enable it to be more productive in the travel industry. 5. How to Implement the Recommendations American Express should ensure that it will have the best media that will offer correct information of all the services offered by the organization. This will ensure publicity of the organization which will increase customer satisfaction. This should be done thrice in a year to minimize the cost and increasing profit. When establishing new branches, American Express should survey an area to ensure it has the right target group. This will increase the number of customers served as well as the places in which the organization operates. The organization should ensure that its expansion is done after every two years. 6. How to evaluate the recommendations offered For the American Express to ensure that the recommendations offered will be achieved, the organization first needs to establish a, specific team that will lead the organization towards the achievement of the set recommendations. For instance, the sales manager should ensure that all sort of advertisement are made with an aim of reaching a large market share as well as ensuring all services offered by the organization are known to the customers. The team should ensure that all the set goals of the organization are achieved to ensure progress of the organization. Grand Strategy Matrix 1. Grand strategy matrix is an instrument used by the organization in ensuring that there are developed strategies that the organization will follow so as to ensure there is achievement of the set goals which will result to increased profitability. The matrix has four quadrants that the management should consider while setting strategies for the business operations. American Express should exercise all the four quadrants of the Grand Strategy Matrix so as to ensure they remain competitive in the market. This quadrant allows an organization to concentrate on the existing market so as to ensure they attract more customers with an aim of earning more profit (Fred, 2011). In this case American Express need to only settle in one range of business that is, travel business with an aim of prospering in all parts of the world. In the second quadrant, American Express is required to evaluate its businesses with an aim of identifying their position in the business. The organization should evaluate its competitive advantage and use it to compete with other competitors who are in the same line of business. In the third quadrant, American Express should ensure that they evaluate their weaknesses and their slow productivity in the market so as to ensure they sustain continuity in the business. The organization should consider the opinion offered by the management that will enable them increase their productivity rate. . Advantages of Grand Strategy Matrix The matrix has an added advantage to the organization. For instance it helps the organization to identify activities that needs to be incorporated in t6he business operations that will have it productivity increased. The second advantage is that the matrix is effective in the business operations and the knowledge is instilled in the management of the organizati on which facilitates them in achieving the set goals as well as making the travel business effective to its customers. The only disadvantage is that the matrix to some extent they may be expensive to accomplish all the process of ensuring quality of services of the organization is achieved. 3. Recommendation of the strategies of the firm that need to be followed for the next three years The firm should ensure there are set strategies that will be used in ensuring increase in productivity in terms of travel services. For instance the organization should ensure all the services are f quality that will facilitate in attraction of many customers in all parts of the world. Advertisement should be ensured through reliable media. The cost of the advertisement should be $100 within a year so as to ensure the advertisement cost will not exceed the output. American Express should also ensure recruitment of qualified staff that will be hand working and remain courteous to the customers with an aim of attracting them to prefer their services. The estimated cost for the recruitment process will be $50 in a year for the next three years. . Comparison of the actual recommendation with the ones provided The recommendations offered is that the organization should employ qualified personnel to ensure there is quality services offered to the customers. The organization also has recommendations for having quality staff that will be retain by the organization. The company is also recommended to improve their services offered to their customers so as to retain them and remain competitive in the organization. The company also recommends that there should be quality services to the organization which will facilitate increase in the market share. 5. How recommendations will be achieved For an organization to achieve all the recommendations, it has to work towards the achievement of the set goals. For instance the process of recruitment of new staff should be conducted without discrimination. For instance the process of recruitment should be done for one month and three months given notice to the potential, candidates to apply for the job. The advertisement process should also be made through media that is accessed by many customers. It should be done three times in a month for the next three years so as to make their services known to the customers. 6. Evaluation of the set Strategies For the American Express to ensure there is achievement of the established recommendations there must be an established group of the management of the organization that will be dealing with the evaluation of the activities that are being carried on towards the achievement of the set strategies. On the other hand there must be set funds that will be used in ensuring there are quality services to achieve the strategies.

Marketing Coursework on Cadbury Essay Example

Marketing Coursework on Cadbury Essay Cadbury is a successful company known for its chocolate bars. The market is very competitive and it is becoming more and more difficult to find new products that achieve long term success for the company. I have been given the job as sales and marketing director for Cadbury and I have to develop a new product for the company. Cadbury is a successful company well known for selling chocolate bars. Over the past 10 years Cadburys have produced a wide range of chocolate bars aimed at different target markets, which has had varied degrees of success, both in the uk and abroad. However the market is getting more competitive and it is becoming a lot harder to produce new products for long term success for the company. Cadburys We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Coursework on Cadbury specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Coursework on Cadbury specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Coursework on Cadbury specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Richard Tapper Cadbury moved to Birmingham from the West Country in the 1790s, his son John Cadbury owned the shop next door to his father and sold tea, coffee, hops, mustard and unlike most cocoa and drinking chocolate which he made himself using a mortar and pestle. Cocoa and drinking chocolate was established in the 1650s and had remained an luxury enjoyed by the high class of the English society. Johns customers were members of the richest families of Birmingham at the time, which could afford to pay for the cocoa. John Cadbury experimented with the cocoa using his mortar and pestle and produced a wide range of cocoa and chocolate drinks. Later on John added sugar and sold his products in a block which was added to hot water or milk. John Cadbury promoted and advertised his products until he rose to being one of the leading tradesman of Birmingham and helped his shop grow. Soon later he became one of the first cocoa and drinking chocolate manufacturers. Benjamin Cadbury the brother of John joined the company and they became the Cadbury brothers of Birmingham. A larger factory in the centre of Birmingham was bought. Taxes on cocoa were dropped which made chocolate available to a wider selection of people so the business boomed however the partnership ended and John retired living his sons, George and Richard to run the business and they became the second Cadbury brothers of Birmingham and were awarded their first Royal Warrant. The brothers discovered process for pressing the cocoa butter from the cocoa beans. This allowed the brothers to sell a new cocoa essence and all sorts of new types of eating chocolate which had never been made before. The business outgrew the bridge street factory so the brothers moved to a Greenfield site which later was called Bournville. The business carried on growing and the brothers started producing milk chocolate for eating which would not be of good quality now but at the time was a revolution and their was big competition with the Swiss and their fancy chocolate. Richard had a sudden death and George became the chairman, Richard and Georges sons became directors and Cadburys growth did not decline. By the 1900s all sorts of chocolate products were being made and Cadbury released their first and biggest selling brand Cadburys Dairy Milk. Cadburys today has factories all over the world and still maintains in being one of the biggest chocolate confectionary companies in the world. Cadbury Products Cadburys brand has a wide consumer base with all ages and types of people buying it. This means that Cadburys Dairy Milk was never really targeted at a specific market. This was because Cadburys Dairy Milk is an old product but its repretation from the past allows it continueing in being one of cadburys leading products. Fuse was launched in 1996 it is packed with lots of snacking ingredients and is aimed at those people whose fast moving lifestyles find them snacking. The target market is the 16 to 30 years the ones who are usually snacking. More than 250 different ingredients were tested in the making of this product. It took 5 years of planning to launch the fuse and cost 10 million pounds. It was mainly made to fill there gap in the developed market. When the fuse bar was launched it was a massive success and rose confectionary goods bought up within the year. Target Markets Most products produced today have aimed their products at a specific group of people like say a drill is targeted at a man who does some DIY or a sewing machine more at older women etc. This is easy enough but when you get further down to something less specific like confectionary goods each different brand but the same thing a chocolate bar still try and target different groups or into different groups for why they are bought. For example Cadbury roses is a product that is not bought for self indulgence or for snacking but more for a gift for someone else. However a regular Cadburys dairy milk would not be bought as a gift but to eat yourself or perhaps share with friends. These little groups are called market segments and these segments are usually where the products are aimed. Marketing Map I have decided to make a marketing map to see where most confectionary brands lie and in which category. These categorys are: * Snacking The chocolate bars you eat when you have no time for a meal or just to quench your hunger for a little while longer. * Gift The Chocolate selections you would buy someone as a gift like on valentines day or for their birthday etc. * Indulgence Something bought for your self-pleasure, maybe bought as a privilege. * Gutfil These are the chocolate bars you would buy to fill yourself up a little. Like you have no time for dinner so you buy a chocolate gutfil bar. * Sharing These are the chocolates you would buy and share out between your friends if you dont want to be selfish. * Casual Indulgence These are the brands, which like indulgence are a bit of a treat. Easy to eat and bought more frequently than indulgence brands. This is my finished result: I have decided that there is a gap in the casual indulgence and Sharing because of the lack of brands in these circles. Both have only 3 products in them however as I tend to buy more casual indulgence brands than sharing brands myself I think I will aim my brand at the casual indulgence section. Market Research Marketing is the identification, anticipation and satisfaction of customer needs and wants at a profit. To decide the best way to market a product first I need to carry out market research. The market research is based upon four factors, which are Price, Product, Promotion and Packaging.

Compare and Contrast Women Essays

Compare and Contrast Women Essays Compare and Contrast Women Essay Compare and Contrast Women Essay Jobs a. Opportunities Didnt have much of a opportunities Have a lot more opportunities Career Option: Back in the beginning of the sass, having a career as a woman was almost unheard of. Of course, one may stumble upon a woman who was locally famous for taking care of her family through work in the absence of a male provider or husband. Women were expected to stay at home, take care of the children and let their husband bring home the pay check. Most of them were dominated by the man of the house; providing whatever the man dictated, food on the table when they name home, house cleaned, kids taken care of and anything else handled. Today women are not necessarily staying home but are out making their own money. They now have the option to work at home or to go out and have a successful career, economy permitting. Womens greatest victory over the past 100 years is probably the and is in some ways the great equalizer in the Job market. And even if a mother cant stay home to raise her kids and trade mommy stories with friends and family, she is blessed with the miracle of the Internet to keep on top of the best practices to follow in her personal and professional lives. Men are far more independent financially than 100 years ago Despite changes in the nature of work women were involved in after the war, by the end of the sass women were a bigger proportion of the workforce than in 1939. The post-war upswing, technology, and the expansion of higher education, increased expectations for women. B. Pay: Horrible Better than the past IV. Rights a. Education They b. Right to vote 100 years ago women did not have the rig ht to vote- only to sit and watch. In 1920 that right was finally granted and now women not only vote but run for Presidency. . Today c. Right to speak out to the government women could not vote or be involved in mainstream politics; most were not in unions 2. Today Liberation: In todays world, women are far more liberated then they ever were 100 years ago. They now have the right to follow their dreams, speak in meetings, seminars, hold careers and even have the choice of staying at home to raise a family or working outside the home for what they want. Women are now lawyers, doctors, surgeons, car repair techs, computer techs and even Secretaries of State or Senators. They are more or less free to do what they want without being held or pushed into a ox of what should be done or what is allowed. Their minds are allowed to be freed however they wish. D. Marriage Pregnancy and childbirth were hazardous and frequent, as dangerous as abortion, which was illegal. Contraception was almost totally unavailable. Divorce was complicated and outside the reach of the poor. Cohabitation and illegitimacy were frowned on and stigmatize 2. Today Reproduction: As times changed and women were given more rights as well as more freedom they started to reproduce at a faster rate. However, I think this was for many reasons. In the old days (100 years ago) women were raised and brought up to have rime to go outside the marriage, today, women are having intimate relations with whomever and whenever they want. V. Conclusion 1. Summary Women were denied the right to do many things 100 years ago. They were denied many freedoms and expected to comply with the demands of men and society. Women no longer have to be at-home wives but now have the option of going to work or staying home to take care of the kids. Education can be said to be the great equalizer on behalf of women in the U. S. Generally, society has less influence on the conduct of women today. AMONG THE MANY remarkable upheavals of the 20th century, the huge increase in womens employment stands out. The shift of women to paid labor has led to a widespread transformation of the traditional rules and practices of daily life, not only at workplaces, but in families. As work and family changed, there were rev erberations throughout society. The roles women play today would be unrecognizable to our forebears of 100 years ago. Still, for all the change, the revolution remains incomplete. The arithmetic is simpleif womens Jobs require 30, 40 or more hours a week, they cannot spend those same hours caring for their families. Society has not focused on the need to provide alternative types of care, particularly for children and the elderly, during the time that caregivers are employed. To finish the revolution, new institutions and new arrangements are in order. In 1900, 20% of workforce women were married. Only in minority, immigrant, or destitute families were married women likely to be engaged in paid work. Employed mothers were even rarer. Over the course of the next 100 years, though, a variety of forces drew additional females, including mothers of very young children, into the labor force. Throughout the last entry, employers particularly sought women for several rapidly growing occupations, including clerical duties, teaching, and nursing. These were Jobs that men usually declined, in part because they were relatively low paying and offered little chance for advancement, and in part because they were stigmatize as womens work. At the same time, more and more women completed the high school or college degrees necessary to hold these Jobs. In the last 25 years, fields have opened up that virtually had been closed to females and vast numbers were educated in law, medicine, business, and engineering. Womens earnings increased commensurate with their education, making employment even more attractive. WOMENS RIGHTS. Throughout most of history women generally have had fewer legal rights a nd career opportunities than men. Whooped and motherhood were regarded as womens most significant professions. In the 20th century, however, women in most nations won the right to vote and increased their educational and Job accomplished a reevaluation of traditional views of their role in society. Early Attitudes Toward Women Since early times women have been uniquely viewed as a creative source of human fife. Historically, however, they have been considered not only intellectually inferior to men but also a major source of temptation and evil. In Greek mythology, for example, it was a woman, Pandora, who opened the forbidden box and brought plagues and unhappiness to mankind. Early Roman law described women as children, forever inferior to men. Early Christian theology perpetuated these views. SST. Jerome, a 4th-century Latin father of the Christian church, said: Woman is the gate of the devil, the path of wickedness, the sting of the serpent, in a word a perilous object. Thomas Aquinas, he 13th-century Christian theologian, said that woman was created to be mans helpmate, but her unique role is in conception Since for other purposes men would be better assisted by other men. The attitude toward women in the East was at first more favorable. In ancient India, for example, women were not deprived of property rights or individual freedoms by marriage. But Hinduism, which evolved in India after about 500 BC, required obedience of women toward men. Women had to walk behind their husbands. Women could not own property, and widows could not remarry. In both East and West, male children were preferred over female children. Nevertheless, when they were allowed personal and intellectual freedom, women made significant achievements. During the Middle Ages nuns played a key role in the religious life of Europe. Aristocratic women enjoyed power and prestige. Whole eras were influenced by women rulers for instance, Queen Elizabeth of England in the 16th century, Catherine the Great of Russia in the 18th century, and Queen Victoria of England in the 19th century. The Weaker Sex? Women were long considered naturally weaker than men, squeamish, and unable to reform work requiring muscular or intellectual development. In most preinstall societies, for example, domestic chores were relegated to women, leaving heavier labor such as hunting and plowing to men. This ignored the fact that caring for children and doing such tasks as milking cows and washing clothes also required heavy, sustained labor. But physiological tests now suggest that women have a greater tolerance for pain, and statistics reveal that women live longer and are more resistant to many diseases. Maternity, the natural biological role of women, has traditionally been regarded as he home has largely determined the ways in which women have expressed themselves. Today, contraception and, in some areas, legalized abortion have given women greater control over the number of children they will bear. Although these developments have freed women for roles other than motherhood, the cultural pressure for women to become wives and mothers still prevents many talented women from finishing college or pursuing careers. Traditionally a middle-class girl in Western culture tended to learn from her mothers example that cooking, cleaning, and caring for children was the behavior expected of ere when she grew up. Tests made in the sass showed that the scholastic achievement of girls was higher in the early grades than in high school. The major reason given was that the girls own expectations declined because neither their families nor their teachers expected them to prepare for a future other than that of marriage and motherhood. This trend has been changing in recent decades. Formal education for girls historically has been secondary to that for boys. In colonial America girls learned to read and write at dame schools. They could attend the asters schools for boys when there was room, usually during the summer when most of the boys were working. By the end of the 19th century, however, the number of women students had increased greatly. Higher education particularly was broadened by the rise of womens colleges and the admission of women to regular colleges and universities. In 1870 an estimated one fifth of resident college and university students were women. By 1900 the proportion had increased to more than one third. Women obtained 19 percent of all undergraduate college degrees around the beginning of the 20th century. By 1984 the figure had sharply increased to 49 percent. Women also increased their numbers in graduate study. By the mid-sass women were earning 49 percent of all masters degrees and about 33 percent of all doctoral degrees. In 1985 about 53 percent of all college students were women, more than one quarter of whom were above age 29. The Legal Status of Women The myth of the natural inferiority of women greatly influenced the status of women in law. Under the common law of England, an unmarried woman could own property, make a contract, or sue and be sued. But a married woman, defined as being one tit her husband, gave up her name, and virtually all her property came under her husbands control. During the early history of the United States, a man virtually owned his wife and children as he did his material possessions. If a poor man chose to send his children to the poorhouse, the mother was legally defenseless to object. Some communities, however, modified the common law to allow women to act as lawyers in the courts, to Equity law, which developed in England, emphasized the principle of equal rights rather than tradition. Equity law had a liberalizing effect upon the legal rights of omen in the United States. For instance, a woman could sue her husband. Mississippi in 1839, followed by New York in 1848 and Massachusetts in 1854, passed laws allowing married women to own property separate from their husbands. In divorce law, however, generally the divorced husband kept legal control of both children and property. In the 19th century, women began working outside their homes in large numbers, notably in textile mills and garment shops. In poorly ventilated, crowded rooms women (and children) worked for as long as 12 hours a day. Great Britain passed a en-hour-day law for women and children in 1847, but in the United States it was not until the sass that the states began to pass legislation limiting working hours and improving working conditions of women and children. Eventually, however, some of these labor laws were seen as restricting the rights of working women. For instance, laws prohibiting women from working more than an eight-hour day or from working at night effectively prevented women from holding many Jobs, particularly supervisory positions, that might require overtime work. Laws in some states prohibited women from lifting weights above a certain amount varying room as little as 15 pounds (7 kilograms) again barring women from many Jobs. During the sass several federal laws improving the economic status of women were passed. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 required equal wages for men and women doing equal work. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination against women by any company with 25 or more employees. A Presidential Executive Order in 1967 prohibited bias against women in hiring by federal government contractors. But discrimination in other fields persisted. Many retail stores would not issue independent credit cards to married women. Divorced or single women often found it difficult to obtain credit to purchase a house or a car. Laws concerned with welfare, crime, prostitution, and abortion also displayed a bias against women. In possible violation of a womans right to privacy, for example, a mother receiving government welfare payments was subject to frequent investigations in order to verify her welfare claim. Sex discrimination in the definition of crimes existed in some areas of the United States. A woman who shot and killed her husband would be accused of homicide, but the shooting of a wife by her husband could be termed a passion hooting. Only in 1968, for another example, did the Pennsylvania courts void a state law which required that any woman convicted of a felony be sentenced to the maximum punishment prescribed by law. Often women prostitutes were prosecuted although their male customers were allowed to go free. In most states abortion was legal only if the mothers life was Judged to be physically endangered. In 1973, however, the United States Supreme Court ruled that states could not restrict a Until well into the 20th century, women in Western European countries lived under any of the same legal disabilities as women in the United States. For example, until 1935, married women in England did not have the full right to own property and to enter into contracts on a par with unmarried women. Only after 1920 was legislation passed to provide working women with employment opportunities and pay equal to men. Not until the early sass was a law passed that equalized pay scales for men and women in the British civil service. Women at Work In colonial America, women who earned their own living usually became seamstresses or kept boardinghouses. But some women worked in professions and jobs available mostly to men. There were women doctors, lawyers, preachers, teachers, writers, and singers. By the early 19th century, however, acceptable occupations for working women were limited to factory labor or domestic work. Women were excluded from the professions, except for writing and teaching. The medical profession is an example of changed attitudes in the 19th and 20th centuries about what was regarded as suitable work for women. Prior to the sass there were almost no medical schools, and virtually any enterprising person could practice medicine. Indeed, obstetrics was the domain of women. Beginning in the 19th century, the required educational preparation, particularly for the practice of medicine, increased. This tended to prevent many young women, who married early and bore many children, from entering professional careers. Although home nursing was considered a proper female occupation, nursing in hospitals was done almost exclusively by men. Specific discrimination against women also began to appear. For example, the American Medical Association, founded in 1846, barred women from membership. Barred also from attending mens medical colleges, omen enrolled in their own for instance, the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, which was established in 1850. By the sass, however, women were attending many leading medical schools, and in 191 5 the American Medical Association began to admit women members. In 1890, women constituted about 5 percent of the total doctors in the United States. During the sass the proportion was about 17 percent. At the same time the percentage of women doctors was about 19 percent in West Germany and 20 percent in France. In Israel, however, about 32 percent of the total number of doctors and dentists were women. Women also had not greatly improved their status in other professions. In 1930 about 2 percent of all American lawyers and Judges were women in 1989, about 22 percent. In 1930 there were almost no women engineers in the United States. In 1989 the In contrast, the teaching profession was a large field of employment for women. In the late sass more than twice as many women as men taught in elementary and high schools. In higher education, however, women held only about one third of the teaching positions, concentrated in such fields as education, social service, home economics, nursing, and library science. A small proportion of women college and university teachers were in the physical sciences, engineering, agriculture, and law. The great majority of women who work are still employed in clerical positions, factory work, retail sales, and service Jobs. Secretaries, bookkeepers, and typists account for a large portion of women clerical workers. Women in factories often work as machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors. Many women in service Jobs work as waitresses, cooks, hospital attendants, cleaning women, and hairdressers. During wartime women have served in the armed forces. In the United States during World War II almost 300,000 women served in the Army and Navy, performing such noncombatant Jobs as secretaries, typists, and nurses. Many European women fought in the underground resistance movements during World War II. In Israel women are drafted into the armed forces along with men and receive combat training. Women constituted more than 45 percent of employed persons in the United States in 1989, but they had only a small share of the decision-making Jobs. Although the number of women working as managers, officials, and other administrators has been increasing, in 1989 they were outnumbered about 1. 5 to 1 by men. Despite the Equal Pay Act of 1963, women in 1970 were paid about 45 percent less than men for the same Jobs; in 1988, about 32 percent less. Professional women did not get the important assignments and promotions given to their male colleagues. Many cases before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in 1970 were registered by women charging sex discrimination in Jobs. Working women often faced discrimination on the mistaken belief that, because they were married or would most likely get married, they would not be permanent workers. But married women generally continued on their Jobs for many years and ere not a transient, temporary, or undependable work force. From 1960 to the early sass the influx of married women workers accounted for almost half of the increase in the total labor force, and working wives were staying on their Jobs longer before starting families. The number of elderly working also increased markedly. Since 1960 more and more women with children have been in the work force. This change is especially dramatic for married women with children under age 6: 12 percent worked in 1950, 45 percent in 1980, and 57 percent in 1987. Just over half the mothers with children under age 3 were in the labor force in 1987. Black women with children are more likely to work than are white or Hispanic women who have children. Over half of all black families with children are maintained by the mother Despite their increased presence in the work force, most women still have primary responsibility for housework and family care. In the late sass men with an employed wife spent only about 1. 4 hours a week more on household tasks than those whose wife was a full-time homemaker. A crucial issue for many women is maternity leave, or time off from their Jobs after giving birth. By federal law a full-time worker is entitled to time off and a Job when he returns, but few states by the early sass required that the leave be paid. Many countries, including Mexico, India, Germany, Brazil, and Australia require companies to grant 12-week maternity leaves at full pay. Women in Politics American women have had the right to vote since 1920, but their political roles have been minimal. Not until 1984 did a major party choose a woman Geraldine Forearm of New York to run for vice-president (see Forearm). Jeannine Rankin of Montana, elected in 1917, was the first woman member of the United States House of Representatives. In 1968 Shirley Chisholm of New York was he first black woman elected to the House of Representatives (see Chisholm). Hattie Caraway of Arkansas first appointed in 1932 was, in 1933, the first woman elected to the United States Senate. Senator Margaret Chase Smith served Maine for 24 years (1949-73). Others were Maurine Number of Oregon, Nancy London Assessable of Kansas, Paula Hawkins of Florida, and Barbara Muskie of Maryland. Wives of former governors became the first women governors Miriam A. Ferguson of Texas (1925-27 and 1933-35) and Nellie Taylor ROSS of Wyoming (1925-27) (see ROSS, Nellie Taylor). In 1974 Ella T. Grass of Connecticut won a governorship on her own merits. In 1971 Patience Swell Letting was elected mayor of Oklahoma City, at that time the largest city in the nation with a woman mayor. By 1979 two major cities were headed by women: Chicago, by Jane Byrne, and San Francisco, by Dianne Finest. Sharon Pratt Dixon was elected mayor of Washington, D. C. , in 1990. Frances Perkins was the first woman Cabinet member as secretary of labor under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Ovate Cull Hobby was secretary of health, education, and welfare in the Dwight D. Eisenhower Cabinet. Carla A. Hills was secretary of sousing and urban development in Gerald R. Fords Cabinet. Jimmy Carter chose two women for his original Cabinet Juanita M. Krebs as secretary of commerce and Patricia Roberts Harris as secretary of housing and urban development. Harris was the first African American woman in a presidential Cabinet. When the separate Department of Education was created, Carter named Shirley Mount Hypotheses to human services, and Elizabeth Dole, secretary of transportation. Under George Bush, Dole became secretary of labor; she was succeeded by Representative Lynn Martin. Bush chose Antonio Novel, a Hispanic, for surgeon general in 1990. Reagan set a precedent with his appointment in 1981 of Sandra Day OConnor as the first woman on the United States Supreme Court (see OConnor). The next year Bertha Wilson was named to the Canadian Supreme Court. In 1984 Jeanne Suave became Canadas first female governor-general (see Suave). In international affairs, Eleanor Roosevelt was appointed to the United Nations in 1945 and served as chairman of its Commission on Human Rights (see Roosevelt, Eleanor). Eugenia Anderson was sent to Denmark in 1949 as the first woman ambassador from the United States. Jeanne Kirkpatrick was named ambassador to the United Nations in 1981. Three women held their countries highest elective offices by 1970. Charisma Bandannas was prime minister of Ceylon (now Sir Lankan) from 1960 to 1965 and from 1970 to 1977 (see Bandannas). Nadir Gandhi was prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and from 1980 until her assassination in 1984 (see Gandhi, Nadir). Gold Meir was prime minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974 (see Meir). The first woman head of state in the Americas was Juan Persons widow, Isabel, president of Argentina in 1974-76 (see Person). Elisabeth Downtime was premier of the Central African Republic in 1975-76. Margaret Thatcher, who first became prime minister of Great Britain in 1979, was the only person in the 20th century to be reelected to that office for a third consecutive term (see Thatcher). Also in 1979, Simons Well of France became the first president of the European Parliament. In the early sass Vigils Familiarization was elected president of Iceland; Grog Harlem Borderland, prime minister of Norway; and Milk Placing, premier of Yugoslavia. In 1986 Carbon Aquinas became president of the Philippines (see Aquinas). From 1988 to 1990 Biennial Bout was prime minister of Pakistan the first woman to head a Muslim nation (see Bout). In 1990 Mary Robinson was elected president of Ireland and Violate Camphor, of Nicaragua. Australias first female premier was Carmen Lawrence of Western Australia (1990), and Canadas was Rite Johnston of British Columbia (1991). In 1991 Chalked Aziza became the prime minister of Bangladesh and Socialist Edith Sorenson was named Frances first female premier. Pollards first female prime minister, Hanna Cassocks, was elected in 1992. Feminist Philosophies At the end of the 18th century, individual liberty was being hotly debated. In 1789, during the French Revolution, Olympia De Gouges published a Declaration of the

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CW - Essay Example The management has adopted the digital marketing system in which customers can quickly and conveniently look at all goods available and decide on which ones to buy. The online service launched facilitates this by enabling customers make their orders online and the goods delivered at their door step. This has boosted their sales specifically during the winter seasons in which people cannot move to the shopping center. This, in as much as it boosts the sales, has had its challenge in the expenses incurred during the delivery of small purchases to remote areas. In a bid to control this, the management encourages large purchases by offering promotions such as price cuts on large purchases made. Westfield has further increased its retailers to 140 and having over 300,000 products as a means of providing a variety of products to their customers so as not to allow them seek for other products from their competitors. This has enabled customers to compare a variety of products with those of their competitors in terms of price. The free shipping and returns offers have encouraged customers to shop without fear of having to use undesired goods after their delivery. This has increased their market share in the highly competitive business world. This, however, has called for employment of more staff members and training the existing employees on digital marketing. Westfield has also established a means of getting consumer feedback and desires by coming up with a social site of you-tube and face-book. From a list of 1,450 applicants, they chose an insider whose job is mainly to promote talks about shopping, smart buys, modern trends in fashion and the available offers and lifestyle (Dick & Merrett 2007, 308-318). He also responds to the customer queries and gives them direction on where to find relevant goods. This has enabled Westfield reach even a larger population

The Royal Dutch Shell Company Commerce Essay

The Royal Dutch Shell Company Commerce Essay In this essay, I select The Royal Dutch Shell Company and write to analyze its secret to become successful. This international firm has lots of special experience for todays Chinese companies to learn because they are aspiring to rush out to the world. I will focus on four aspects, which are firms international strategy and policies analysis; international management and decision making style; macro analysis on how to change to survive and the companys globalization and adaption analysis functional analysis, including a brief financial information description. We will also give our own opinions and critics through the whole article. Royal Dutch Shell Group is the worlds second largest oil company and headquartered in The Hague, the Netherlands. It is composed by Royal Dutch Company and British Shell Company. It is a major international manufacturer of oil, natural gas, chemical and petroleum (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). It is also the worlds largest automotive fuel and lubricating oil retailers. It has rich experience in the aspects of financing, management and operation. It develops its business in about one hundred and forty five countries, with almost one hundred and twenty thousand employees. (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). Oil and gas production accounts for three percent and 3.5% respectively of the worlds total output. As the Netherlands largest industrial company, it has ranked the first in the fortune global top 500 list. 1.2 Brief Introduction to the Company Structure The structure of Shell Company is very unique. Subsidiary companies all over the world are managed collectively by Royal Dutch Shell Company and Shell Transport and Trading Company, including Royal Dutch holding sixty percent, Shell holding forty percent. The largest shareholder of Royal Dutch Shell Company is the investment company of Dutch royal family (Dai, Shells Way to Success., July 15, 2006). Royal Dutch Shell Group has the long-term vision of development business. The company developed on the basis of operating foreign oil and other commodities trade. It has more than one hundred years business history in many countries and its long-term cooperation partners spread over various fields. The investment scale of many Shell projects (whether upstream or downstream) is very large (Armstrong, March, 2010), and the operation cycle of these projects proceed for decades. As a result, the Royal Dutch Shell establishes and uses complex perspective plan technology research the future development Firm Strategy 2.1 Long Term Goals Royal Dutch Shells long-term goal as published states that they will, meet the energy needs of society in economically, socially and environmentally viable ways. The Royal Dutch Shell firm is continually trying to expand its business and profits with environmentally safe methods; however the extent to which an oil company can keep the environment safe is still questionable. Peter Voser, Shells CEO, said, Shells strategy is innovative and competitive explaining how 2011s dividends reached over 10 billion US dollars, and he is expecting further growth in 2012 as well (Solutions for Business). IEA describes this as the Industrys resurrection which promises huge benefits for the US economy and subsequently economies around the world (Crooks, Ed; Guy Chazan, 2012). The International Energy Agency or (IEA) is a multinational regulatory energy committee who have stated that as little as five years ago, oil and gas productions were on an inexorable downward trend in the US but Shells strateg y is innovative and competitive (Crooks, Ed; Guy Chazan, 2012). Shells stock price fell rapidly during this time. They are still recovering from oil crisis. The resulting fallout left many oil companies around the world wounded and many economies damaged, however Shell has helped the North America revitalize its economy. Royal Dutch Shell is striving to achieve its goal of finding ways to viably meet societys energy needs while increasing its profits in the world economy. 2.2 Macro Effect: Global problems Shell faces many global-macro level problems and the majority of them are difficult to resolve. First, the power difference between high and low levels in the workplace is very large. Shell macro-executive responsiveness may not be effectively projected upon local communities and the developing world (Wheeler, Fabig, Boele, 2002). Wheeler argues that the executive decisions made on the corporate level are not effectively being passed down the lower levels. Daniels describes this vertical differentiation in his book International Business: Environments and Operations as a problem that all companies must address (Daniels, Radelbaugh, Sullivan, 1998). Along with communication problems, price fluctuations also affect the companys profits. The Washington Journal reports, because weak US gas prices drag down [Shells] earnings, they are considering converting natural gas to road fuels to sell at higher prices (Williams, Shell Sets Sights on Natural Gas to Fuel Growth). This is still very early however and it will take nearly a decade before results are seen from any investment Shell decides to make. Royal Dutch Shell faces another major problem-the global energy shortage. As fossil fuels combust the create carbon dioxide and water. This chemical process is irreversible. Shell must also worry about their long term growth potential because of the fundamental economic principle of scarcity. Shell has decided to increase their global efforts to exploit and research renewable energy sources in the face of this problem. An external committee consisting of representatives from five different countries conducted an investigation on Shells ability to withstand with this ever changing and volatile market. Upon the investigations conclusion, the committee stated, [Shell has] successful management of its complex operations in the midst of global economic turmoil (Solutions for Business). The fact that five professionals concluded that Shell is doing well during this difficult time says a lot about the quality of this multinational company. Shell publically acknowledges the, Global economy w ill very likely see, continued volatility in the future (Solutions for Business). In fact Royal Dutch Shell recently had to write down its assets value according to a recent Wall Street Journal article resulting in a shift in North American Energy production (Williams, Shell Profit Hit by Weaker Oil, Gas Prices, 2012). Shell is facing many macro-level problems that are not completely in their control; they are working very hard to lessen the effects that the global recession and resource scarcity are placing on them. International Management and Decision Making Style Shells Special Management and its Reasons 3.1.1 Shell Has a Large Scale Royal Dutch Shell Group, as an oil company which has a long history and hires a large scale of employees, an appropriate management is very important for it to operate well and become successful. Shell has its own distinct management style as a multinational joint company with capital from the Netherlands, America and Britain (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). 3.1.2 Characteristic of the Industry Determines Its Integrated Management The capital intensive characteristic of the oil industry and Shells large scale both determine its integrated management (Liu, 2008) and decision making style rather than hierarchical management or any other styles. 3.1.3 Structure of Senior Management 3.2 The Two Parent Companies Are Relatively Independent The Royal Dutch Company and British Shell Company are two parent companies of the Royal Dutch Shell Group. They each registered independently in the Netherlands and in the United Kingdom (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). Although according to the contract, the two parent companies exchanged shares, but they have their own decision-making bodies and are responsible to their shareholders respectively. The two parent companies are not constituent parts of the group and do not participate in the groups operations directly. However, they have the right to appoint board members in their own holding companies in the group and charge interest from these companies. 3.3 Shell Service Companies Play an Important Role The Shell Group has total 11 service companies to bear management and service functions assigned from the headquarters. These companies main task is to provide consulting services for all group companies and associated companies and subsidiaries in their business. Service companies are divided by business, regions and functions (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). 3.3.1 Management Approach on Service Companies The Shell Group takes an integrated matrix management approach to conduct organizational management on its service companies. For instance, the service company in The Hague, the Netherlands focused on technical services but the service company in London, the UK focused on commercial services (Lei, 2007). The reason is that the Netherlands have some best technological universities in the world while London is the global trading center with much financial resource. From a functional point of view, this allocation of service companies can maximize the groups profit as well as optimize its management. 3.3.2 Segregation of Service Companies and Coordination Bureaus In order to facilitate regional coordination, service companies are also segregated geographically. The Shell Group established five Coordination Bureaus, which are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, the CIS and Eastern Europe, the Western Hemisphere and Africa and Far East and South Asia (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). 3.4 Business Company Is Mainstay of the Group 3.4.1 Business Company Definition The Shell Group has more than 300 business companies in more than 100 countries around the world. Their business scope includes oil, natural gas, coal, chemicals, and metals. Each business company is an independent organization and many of them are mutually associated. They are not wholly-owned by Shell because their Shareholders are various, including other companies, governments or individual investors. Where if more than 51% of these companies stocks are owned by the Shell Group, they are called the Group companies, the rest are called the associated companies. 3.4.2 Operational Mode of Business Company Management personnel in each business company are solely responsible for the companys own operations and long-term approach to development. A business company can either draw on the experience from service companies, or obtain other companies experience via them (Pender, March 16, 2002). The five-year plans and annual plans of a business company have to be viewed so that it can receive opinions from service companies. Therefore, a business company has to consult the planning, finance, personnel and other departments in service companies and then report to their corresponding regional coordination bureau. The regional coordination bureau will analyze and provide researches on the aspects of regional resources, market conditions and the groups ability to provide support (Dai, Royal Dutch Shells Secrets., March 15, 2003). After this procedure of research coordination, if the regional coordination bureau agreed, they would report to the groups board of directors for an approval. 3.5 Shell Keeps Pace with the Time From what mentioned above, the Shell Group has an integrated management model. Recently, the Shell group keeps up to date and takes a reform on its management structure. It developed its commercial companies in accordance with professional divisions, such as Shell Chemical, Shell Refinery, Shell Exploration and Exploitation and other business sectors (Knott, 2012). Shell also incorporated research institutions into respective companies, conducting these actions will improve the groups competitiveness continuously. Macro analysis 4.1 Global Adaption Once the Royal Dutch Shell decided to step into the global market, they need a complete international strategy to adapt the complicated problems and challenges. However, the challenges they faced could be the opportunities they own in some degrees. Obviously, Royal Dutch Shell have turned the challenges to opportunities successfully which due to their core international strategy. It covers the operating decentralization, international HR management and emergency mechanism (Pender, March 16, 2002). 4.1.1 Operating Decentralization Oil resource has a large relevance with the geopolitics situation which means the local political changes would have huge influence on the Royal Dutch Shells subsidiary company settled in that place (Liu, 2008). For this reason, Royal Dutch Shell has adapted the strategy which implements the operating decentralization. 4.2 Investment Diversification Investment diversification can maintain a favorable balance among their entire pattern. Royal Dutch Shell has oil and gas exploitation operation in more than 50 countries and areas, with refinery established in about 30 areas the corporations sales network covers more than 100 countries and areas (Pender, March 16, 2002). The political systems and wars are two of the most impact factors to the Oil Corporation. Yet the Royal Dutch Shell constructed a global investment network. Once one of the invested places suffered in war or the new political system changes put the company into an unfavorable situation, Royal Dutch Shell would cancel or transfer the investments (OHara, 2001). For example, on 20 August, 2012, Royal Dutch Shell announced that they achieved the oil concession of Skifska which is located in the Black Sea, Ukraine (Pender, March 16, 2002). That is a locality successful this year. However, just few months ago, Royal Dutch Shell had withdrawn from Libya due to its unstable social environment. 4.3 Product Diversification Though the Royal Dutch Shell has a wide product diversification network, their products only limited in energy sources and chemical industry which are relevance and cooperation to their familiar industry areas. There are four main products divisions. 4.3.1 Oil and Gas Products The oil and gas industry is the core business which is most important earning source. Its manufacturing equipments take over more than 80% of the total amount while the sales income occupies over 85% of the total sales (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). Beside it as a supplier for several airline companies, Royal Dutch Shell is the biggest crude oil producer in offshore, USA. In order to cooperate with its oil and gas business among the world, Royal Dutch Shell has a strong, efficient shipping chain. 4.3.2 Chemical Products In order to provide raw materials to subsidiary companies in Europe which could decline the costs and increase the competitiveness of the products, Royal Dutch Shell established chemical raw materials manufacturing factories in the Middle East where have abundant chemical raw materials resource. Over 80% of the chemical products would sell in Europe (Dai, Shells Way to Success., July 15, 2006). The main products involves in the catalyst, agrochemical and plasticizer market. 4.3.3 Coal Products Though the price of coal has a trend of decline, they require amount is increasing. The oil market has presented a trend that the supply is excess than the demand, it is more important to focus on the development of coal. Royal Dutch Shell provides coal products in over 70 countries and now they are making an effort on the expansion on the markets in North America and Hong Kong (Hua, 2008). 4.3.4 Non-Metallic Materials Products This kind materials representative as aluminum and bauxite. The non-metallic material products are part of the products diversification. It contributes to the implement of products diversification. A health balance could be maintained by adjustment of income in different areas. 4.4 International HR Management It is hard to say which country that Royal Dutch Shell belongs to as the international human resources is the tradition among the group.à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ 4.4.1 Global Talented Person Mechanismà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ The employees chosen standard that Royal Dutch Shell adapted is faced the international human resources. Which country that the employee comes from is not important if the employee meets the standard. As the data in annual report, 2011, Royal Dutch Shell has about 5700 international employees come from 76 different countries who work in its branches among 100 countries (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). The global talented person mechanism contributes its operation and management level into an international high level. Royal Dutch Shell has over 1000 joint ventures with other companies because of their multicultural environment. For example, the subsidiary company in Australia which mainly operating in steelmaking had surpassed the Nippon Shell. The president of the company is cone from Australia who has a wide human relationship. 4.4.2 Relative Independence Management Compare with its global talented person mechanism, the management to different local subsidiary companies have relative independence. The subsidiary companies in charge of their own operation business. The central offices in London and The Hague are in charge of providing financing institutions and technology skills to all the subsidiary. In this situation, the subsidiary companies can handle the emergency accidents by themselves with flexibility and subjective initiative (Heinrich C. C., 2005). Meanwhile, Royal Dutch Shell does not just give up the control of the subsidiary companies in different areas in the world. The experienced managers come to local branches and companies with their international management knowledge. It promises the concentration of the whole group which prevents the abruption. Functional Analysis International Financial Analysisà ¦Ã…“ ªÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ½Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚  à ¦Ã‚ Ã…“à §Ã¢â‚¬ ¹-à ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¾121130_1à ¦Ã‚ Ã…“à §Ã¢â‚¬ ¹-à ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¾121130_4 From the statement above we can see that Shell group in recent years keeps a good developing trend: sales, operating profit, net assets and increase year by year, Current ratio, average working capital rate of return, net profit/average net assets indexes, such as keep rising trend; Total debt/working capital is reduced year by year (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). 5.2 Shells Revenue in Geographic Area In the statement we can see that in the Europe Asia Oceania Africa and the USA, the revenue are growing rapidly especially in the year 2010 to 2011. It is the reason why Shell can be the second column in the fortune magazine of global top 500 in 2011 rank only behind the Wal-Mart and on the top beyond Wal-Mart in July 9, 2012.à ¦Ã‚ Ã…“à §Ã¢â‚¬ ¹-à ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¾121130_3 5.3 Conclusion of Financial Condition From the statement we also can see that the intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and equity-accounted investments growth the fastest in Asia. It is because in China, the Shells five core businesses are has made great strides in development such as exploration and production business and engaged in oil production. Also Shell has all over the country 250 cities of lube oil sales network and more than 40 shell brand gas station in Beijing Tianjin Chengdu and other big cities (Weiser, 2010). Meanwhile we noticed that the growth in other Americas is not as quick as in other areas. Through the discussion, we thought maybe these areas economic environment is not so good to do investment. Conclusion As one of the biggest multinational enterprises in the world Royal Dutch Shell plc is certainly one of the global economic giants pushing forward our global economy. It has demonstrated excellent functional ability evident through its marketing and sales numbers. It has a clear published company goal and moves closer to it by executing its long-term macro strategy. Although it faces numerous problems, Shell is using innovative and decisive ways to counteract the adverse effects of the global market while adapting to fit its customers. In conclusion, the Royal Dutch Shell Company is an excellent company worthy of investment with solid prospects for future growth.